Riparian Landscape Suitability for Urban Tourism : A Case Study At Ciliwung River in Central Jakarta, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51264/inajl.v6i2.102Keywords:
Land Use, Landscape Management, River, Urban Tourism, Vegetation CoverAbstract
To meet community needs, riparian zones of rivers are widely developed as recreational areas in major cities. Jakarta has the potential for riparian tourism development as it is traversed by 13 rivers. However, before being developed as riparian recreation areas, several assessments of the site are required. This study aimed to assess three distinct segments of the Ciliwung River in Central Jakarta for their potential as urban tourism sites. The evaluation was carried out by incorporating several parameters related to the suitability of riparian areas for tourism, including vegetation cover percentage, accessibility, and water quality. These parameters were measured using the Riparian Strip Quality Index (RSQI), proximity to public transportation hubs, and the Pollution Index, then categorized into four scoring levels. High scores indicate the suitability of riparian areas as tourist locations. Segments 1, 2, and 3 received scores of 6, 7, and 7 respectively out of 12, indicating that the riparian areas are still far from being ideal urban tourism sites. The findings also highlight weak land use regulations in these riparian zones and poor water quality in the Ciliwung River in Central Jakarta. The originality of this study lies in its combination of terrestrial ecosystem assessment parameters (vegetation cover percentage, accessibility) and aquatic ecosystem indicators (water quality), resulting in a comprehensive evaluation of the riparian landscape management.
References
Aprilia M, Effendi H, & Hariyadi, S. (2022). Water quality status based on Pollution Index and Water Quality Index of Ciliwung River, DKI Jakarta Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1109, No. 1, p. 012051). IOP Publishing.
Aprilia M, Effendi H, Hariyadi S, & Permatasari PA. (2023). Aquatic eDNA Metabarcoding Reveals Biodiversity and Plankton Composition in River Ecosystems. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 32(4), 3491–3500. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/163625
Aprilia M, Effendi H., & Hariyadi, S. (2023). Spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved oxygen in the Ciliwung River, DKI Jakarta Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1260, No. 1, p. 012017). IOP Publishing.
Aprilia, M., Effendi, H., Hariyadi, S., & Permatasari, P. A. (2024). Spatial and temporal distribution of nutrients in the Ciliwung River, DKI Jakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1328, No. 1, p. 012005). IOP Publishing.
Aryanti T & Achmadi A. (2024). Framing and Visualising Nationhood: Istiqlal Mosque and the Framing and Visualising Nationhood: Istiqlal Mosque and the Interiority of the Independence Square, Jakarta. Interiority 7(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/in.v7i2.375
Asdak, C., Supian, S., & Subiyanto. (2018). Watershed management strategies for flood mitigation: A case study of Jakarta’s flooding. Weather and Climate Extremes, 21(September 2017), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2018.08.002
Ayala-Azcárraga, C., Diaz, D., & Zambrano, L. (2019). Characteristics of urban parks and their relation to user well-being. Landscape and Urban Planning, 189(February), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.04.005
Brontowiyono, W., Asmara, A. A., Jana, R., Yulianto, A., & Rahmawati, S. (2022). Land-use impact on water quality of the opak sub-watershed, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(7), 4346.
Brontowiyono, W., Boving, T., Asmara, A. A., Rahmawati, S., Yulianto, A., Wantoputri, N. I., Lathifah, A. N., & Andriansyah, Y. (2022). Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Effectiveness, Management, and Quality of Groundwater: A Case Study in Indonesia. Water (Switzerland), 14(19), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14193047
Davtalab, J., Deyhimi, S. P., Dessi, V., Hafezi, M. R., & Adib, M. (2020). The impact of green space structure on physiological equivalent temperature index in open space. Urban Climate, 31(October 2019), 100574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100574
Deutsch, E. S., Fortin, M.-J., & Cardille, J. A. (2022). Assessing the current water clarity status of ~100,000 lakes across southern Canada: A remote sensing approach. Science of The Total Environment, 826, 153971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153971
Effendi, Hefni. (2003). Telaah kualitas air bagi pengolahan sumber daya dan lingkungan perairan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Dzhambov, A. M., Markevych, I., Hartig, T., Tilov, B., Arabadzhiev, Z., Stoyanov, D., Gatseva, P., & Dimitrova, D. D. (2018). Multiple pathways link urban green- and bluespace to mental health in young adults. Environmental Research, 166(June), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.004
Fashae, O. A., Ayorinde, H. A., Olusola, A. O., & Obateru, R. O. (2019). Landuse and surface water quality in an emerging urban city. Applied Water Science, 9(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0903-2
Garrett, J. K., White, M. P., Huang, J., Ng, S., Hui, Z., Leung, C., Tse, L. A., Fung, F., Elliott, L. R., Depledge, M. H., & Wong, M. C. S. (2019). Urban blue space and health and wellbeing in Hong Kong: Results from a survey of older adults. Health and Place, 55(April 2018), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.11.003
Gwimbi, P., George, M., & Ramphalile, M. (2019). Bacterial contamination of drinking water sources in rural villages of Mohale Basin, Lesotho: Exposures through neighbourhood sanitation and hygiene practices. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 24(33), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-019-0790-z
Hamoda, M. F., & Alshalahi, S. F. (2021). Assessment of hydrogen sulfide emission in a wastewater pumping station. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(6), 352.
Hasibuan, H. S., & Mulyani, M. (2022). Transit-Oriented Development: Towards Achieving Sustainable Transport and Urban Development in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095244
Indonesian Government. (2021). Government Regulation of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/
Jakarta Environmental Service. (2022). River Water Quality Report 2022. Jakarta: Jakarta Environmental Service.
Jakarta Environmental Service. (2023). River Water Quality Report 2023. Jakarta: Jakarta Environmental Service.
Karbela, B., Afgatiani, P. M., & Parwati, E. (2021). Interseasonal Variability in the Analysis of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in Surabaya Coastal Waters Using Landsat-8 Satellite Data. International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES), 17(2), 175-188.
Kruizse, H., van der Vliet, N., Staatsen, B., Bell, R., Chiabai, A., Muiños, G., Higgins, S., Quiroga, S., Martinez-Juarez, P., Yngwe, M. A., Tsichlas, F., Karnaki, P., Lima, M. L., de Jalón, S. G., Khan, M., Morris, G., & Stegeman, I. (2019). Urban green space: creating a triple win for environmental sustainability, health, and health equity through behavior change. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224403
Lee, L.-H. (2017). Appearance’s Aesthetic Appreciation to Inform Water Quality Management of Waterscapes. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 09(13), 1645–1659. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2017.913103
Li, X., Wang, X., Han, J., Wu, D., Lin, Q., Zhou, J., & Zhao, S. (2022). Effects of River Scale on the Aesthetic Quality of Urban On-Water Sightseeing. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912543
Limthongsakul, S., Nitivattananon, V., & Arifwidodo, S. D. (2017). Localised flooding and autonomous adaptation in peri-urban Bangkok. Environment and Urbanisation, 29(1), 51-68.
Lin, L., Yang, H., & Xu, X. (2022). Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health and Disease Heterogeneity: A Review. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.880246
Liu, Y., Wang, R., Lu, Y., Li, Z., Chen, H., Cao, M., Zhang, Y., & Song, Y. (2020). Natural outdoor environment, neighbourhood social cohesion and mental health: Using multilevel structural equation modelling, streetscape and remote-sensing metrics. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 48(December 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126576
Martinez, R., & Masron, I. N. (2020). Jakarta: A city of cities. Cities, 106(January).
Maulud, K. N. A., Fitri, A., Wan Mohtar, W. H. M., Wan Mohd Jaafar, W. S., Zuhairi, N. Z., & Kamarudin, M. K. A. (2021). A study of spatial and water quality index during dry and rainy seasons at Kelantan River Basin, Peninsular Malaysia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 1-19.
McDougall, C. W., Hanley, N., Quilliam, R. S., Bartie, P. J., Robertson, T., Griffiths, M., & Oliver, D. M. (2021). Neighbourhood blue space and mental health: A nationwide ecological study of antidepressant medication prescribed to older adults. Landscape and Urban Planning, 214(March), 104132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104132
Ministry of Environment. (2003). Decree of the Minister of the Environment of Indonesia Number 115 of 2003. Jakarta: Ministry of Environment.
Ministry of Public Works. (2008). Guidelines for the Provision and Utilisation of Green Open Space in Urban Areas. Jakarta: Ministry of Public Works.
Mulyadi, A. M., Sihombing, A. V. R., Hendrawan, H., Vitriana, A., & Nugroho, A. (2022). Walkability and importance assessment of pedestrian facilities on central business district in capital city of Indonesia. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 16(February), 100695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100695
Musthofa BM & Arif M. (2020). The Strategy of Development Jakarta Walking Tour. Journal of Indonesia Tourism and Policy Studies 5(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jitps.v5i1.170
Nagari, B. K., Suryani, S., & Pratiwi, W. D. (2020). TOD Tourism Heritage District Livability: User Satisfaction in Kali Besar Corridor in Jakarta, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 532(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/532/1/012004
Nayan, N. M., Jones, D. S., Bahaluddin, A., Ghani, I., & Rahman, N. A. (2020). Designating Urban Rivers as National Heritage: A case study of Sungai Kelang and Sungai Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 409(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/409/1/012035
Nikolaus, R., Matern, S., Schafft, M., Maday, A., Wolter, C., Klefoth, T., & Arlinghaus, R. (2022). Influence of protected riparian areas on habitat structure and biodiversity in and at small lakes managed by recreational fisheries. Fisheries Research, 256(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106476
Oertli, B., & Parris, K. M. (2019). Review: Toward management of urban ponds for freshwater biodiversity. Ecosphere, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2810
Olokeogun, O. S., & Kumar, M. (2020). An indicator based approach for assessing the vulnerability of riparian ecosystem under the influence of urbanisation in the Indian Himalayan city, Dehradun. Ecological Indicators, 119(July), 106796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106796
Permatasari, P. A., Setiawan, Y., Khairiah, R. N., & Effendi, H. (2017). The effect of land use change on water quality: A case study in Ciliwung Watershed. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Conference Series, 54(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001
Richards, D. R., Passy, P., & Oh, R. R. Y. (2017). Impacts of population density and wealth on the quantity and structure of urban green space in tropical Southeast Asia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 157, 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.09.005
Saha, D., Das, D., Dasgupta, R., & Patel, P. P. (2020). Application of ecological and aesthetic parameters for riparian quality assessment of a small tropical river in eastern India. Ecological Indicators, 117(December 2019), 106627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106627
Sarker, R. I., Mailer, M., & Sikder, S. K. (2020). Walking to a public transport station: Empirical evidence on willingness and acceptance in Munich, Germany. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(1), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-07-2017-0031
Singkran, N., Anantawong, P., Intharawichian, N., & Kunta, K. (2019). The Chao Phraya river basin: Water quality and anthropogenic influences. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 19(5), 1287–1294. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.167
Smith, N., Georgiou, M., King, A. C., Tieges, Z., Webb, S., & Chastin, S. (2021). Urban blue spaces and human health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies. Cities, 119(November 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103413
Stanesby, O., Morse, M., Magill, L., Ball, K., Blizzard, L., Harpur, S., Jose, K., Lester, D., Marshall, E., Palmer, A. J., Sharman, M. J., Williams, J., & Cleland, V. (2021). Characteristics associated with willingness to walk further than necessary to the bus stop: Insights for public transport-related physical activity. Journal of Transport and Health, 22(April), 101139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101139
Tjahjono, T., Kusuma, A., & Septiawan, A. (2020). The Greater Jakarta Area Commuters Travelling Pattern. Transportation Research Procedia, 47(2019), 585–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.135
Wen, C., Zhan, Q., Zhan, D., Zhao, H., & Yang, C. (2021). Spatiotemporal evolution of lakes under rapid urbanisation: A case study in Wuhan, China. Water (Switzerland), 13(9), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091171
Wilonoyudho, S., Rijanta, R., Keban, Y. T., & Setiawan, B. (2017). Urbanisation and regional imbalances in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 49(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.13039
Wirasatriya, A., Maslukah, L., Indrayanti, E., Yusuf, M., Milenia, A. P., Adam, A. A., & Helmi, M. (2023). Seasonal variability of total suspended sediment off the Banjir Kanal Barat River, Semarang, Indonesia estimated from Sentinel-2 images. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 57, 102735.
Zhao, J., Luo, P., Wang, R., & Cai, Y. (2013). Correlations between aesthetic preferences of river and landscape characters. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 21(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2012.695738
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Prita Ayu Permatasari, Yosua Satrio Faskayana, Gatot Prayoga, Mita Aprilia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
